FingerWorks was a gesture recognition company based in the United States, known mainly for its multi-touch products. Founded by John Elias and Wayne Westerman of the University of Delaware in 1998, it produced a line of peripherals including the iGesture Pad and the TouchStream keyboards, which were particularly helpful for people suffering from repetitive strain injury and other medical conditions. The keyboards were immediately discontinued when the company's assets were acquired by Apple Computer in June 2005.
History
Westerman was working on a dissertation on chord-based manipulation with a multi-touch surface while a doctoral student at the University of Delaware. He and Elias, a professor in his department, started FingerWorks while he was finishing his dissertation, which formed the basis for some of the company's products. Westerman developed repetitive stress problems while finishing his dissertation, which inspired active focus on low-impact inputs.[1]
A FingerWorks TouchStream Stealth keyboard with manual.
The company's products remained a high-end niche, and something of a curiosity, despite good press and industry awards.[2][3] In early 2005, FingerWorks went through a rocky period, and stopped shipping new products or responding actively to support requests. While they updated their support forums between April and June with new information, outside reports indicated that they had been acquired by a major technology company.[4] This company turned out to be Apple, which acquired the company's patents and other intellectual property along with Elias and Westerman. The technology was used to create the iPhone which launched in 2007.[5]
In June 2005, FingerWorks officially announced they were no longer in business.[6] The founders continued to file and process patents for their work through late 2007.[7] As of August 2008 they still filed patents for Apple, Inc.[8]
Products
A dusty old TouchStream Stealth keyboard.
- TouchStream LP — a full-sized, folding split keyboard, with flat membranes and zero-force keys. The entire keyboard surface has multitouch support that converts finger movements of different combinations of fingers into mouse and macro events. It comes with chording modes for graphics, Emacs, and gaming. The membranes could be removed for portability.
- Surface inclination: 0-10 degrees; Adjustable split angle & separation
- Active area: 5 by 13 in (13 by 33 cm) Weight: 13 oz (370 g)
- TouchStream ST "Stealth" — a version of the TouchStream LP with touch membranes that were not removable.[9]
- TouchStream Mini — a one-hand keyboard + mouse keypad, with 15mm keys (75% normal size). Active area: 5 by 6.5 in (13 by 17 cm)
- MacNTouch — a double-width multitouch surface originally made to physically replace the keyboard in compatible Apple laptops. Also appeared in an enclosure to be used as a separate device, under the name Digitouch.
- iGesture Pad — a one-hand gesture pad for mousing and gestures. Active area: 6.25 by 5 in (15.9 by 12.7 cm)
- iGesture NumPad — like the iGesture Pad but with numeric keypad, PgUp/Dn etc., and arrow keys superimposed.
- iGesture Retro — a one-hand gesture pad embedded into a full-size Microsoft keyboard.[10]
References
- ↑ Westerman, Wayne (1999). Hand Tracking, Finger Identification, and Chordic Manipulation on a Multi-Touch Surface. Archived from the original on February 20, 2009.
- ↑ The New York Times, January 2002 : No Press, No Stress: When Fingers Fly
- ↑ The 2005 included the WinPad, a new FingerWorks design that never made it into production[citation needed]
- ↑ News about FingerWorks, FingerFans. 2005-04-27. Archived 2006-08-27. In April 2005, former FingerWorks CEO Jeffrey White was described as follows: "Jeffrey White was most recently the CEO and Chairman of FingerWorks, Inc. a privately held producer of Computer Software and Hardware targeted at the input systems market. In this capacity, he successfully transformed a fledgling startup into a leading edge provider of input technologies, which was ultimately acquired by a multi-billion dollar supplier of IT software and hardware for a price equal to 25 times revenue." from Coates Analytics.
- ↑ Merchant, Brian. "The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone", Transworld, 22 June 2017.
- ↑ March 10, 2006. Mac Rumors notes the company's closing the year before.
- ↑ Patent list for Fingerworks, 2006-2007
- ↑ Beyond Multi-Touch: Voice, Gaze, Facial Expression Recognition
- ↑ TouchStream KeyBoard, FingerWorks. Archived 2002-10-05.
- ↑ iGesture Retro, FingerWorks. Archived 2006-03-22.
External links
- FingerWorks official website (archived 2005-06-11, 2000-08-17)
- FingerFans community support site (inactive)
- FingerWorks at Wikipedia
